This assay predicts HIV-1 resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI, NNRTI), protease inhibitors (PI), and integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI). HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, protease gene, and integrase genes are sequenced by Sanger sequencing using Applied Biosystems HIV-1 Genotyping kit. HIV-1 drug-resistance report is generated using Exatype Sanger software (Hyrax Biosciences). The test is intended for HIV-1 RNA positive plasma samples with viral load >=1000 copies/mL and minor allele frequencies >20-30%. An indeterminant results may be caused by HIV-1 viral RNA concentrations below 1000 copies/mL. This test should be used in conjunction with clinical presentation and other laboratory findings. This test was developed, and its performance characteristics determined by UTMB Pathology Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. The FDA does not require this test to go through premarket FDA review. This test is used for clinical purposes. It should not be regarded as investigational or for research. This laboratory is certified under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) as qualified to perform high complexity clinical laboratory testing. The assay does not cover the entire reverse transcriptase gene region. Therefore, two paternal drug-resistance scoring mutations - amino acid position 318 (scoring for DOR, EFV, and NVP) and position 348 (scoring for NVP) - are excluded from the drug-resistance interpretation.